Ecologists have studied the four chipmunk species ...

Ecologists have studied the four chipmunk species that occur on the eastern slope of the Sierra and have learned just how these species interact while remaining separate, each occupying its own elevational zone. The sagebrush chipmunk is found at the lowest elevation, among the sagebrush. The yellow pine chipmunk is common in low to mid-elevations and open conifer forests, including pinon and ponderosa and Jeffrey pine forests. The lodgepole chipmunk is found at higher elevations, among the lodgepoles, firs, and high-elevation pines. The alpine chipmunk is higher still, venturing among the talus slopes, alpine meadows, and high-elevation pines and junipers. Obviously, the ranges of each species overlap. Why dont sagebrush chipmunks move into the pine zones? Why dont alpine chipmunks move to lower elevations and share the conifer forests with lodgepole chipmunks?

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A£®Ecologists studied how the geographic characteristics of the eastern slope of the Sierra influenced the social development of chipmunks.

B£®Ecologists learned exactly how chipmunk species separated from each other on the eastern slope of the Sierra relate to one another.

C£®Ecologists discovered that chipmunks of the eastern slope of the Sierra invade and occupy higher elevational zones when threatened by another species.

D£®Ecologists studied how individual chipmunks of the eastern slope of the Sierra avoid interacting with others of their species.

Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human 25 quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word "green" today can keep food prices 26

27 are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are 28 to both the eye and the heart. That&39;s 29 the round yellow M signs of McDonald¡¯s are inviting to both young and old. This new consumer response to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people 30 to satisfy both body and soul.

21.A. that B. what C. such D. as

22. A .with B. of C. at D. on

23 . A. buys B. sells C. offers D. works

24. A. show B. display C.tell D. differ

25. A. attention B. eye C. presence D. perception

26. A. to go up B. to go down C. going up D. going down

27. A. Packages B. Shapes C. Tools D. Products

28. A. pleasantly B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasure

29. A. how B. because C .where D. why

30. A. sell B. make C. buy D. produce

Emotions play an important part in the negotiation process, although it is only in recent years that their effect is being studied. Emotions have the potential to play either a positive or negative role in negotiation. During negotiations, the decision as to whether or not to settle rests in part on emotional factors. Negative emotions can cause intense and even irrational behavior, and can cause conflicts and negotiations to break down, but may be instrumental in attaining concessions. On the other hand, positive emotions often facilitate reaching an agreement and help to maximize joint gains, but can also be instrumental in attaining concessions. Positive and negative discrete emotions can be strategically displayed to influence task and relational outcomes and may play out differently across cultural boundaries.

1. Emotions play an important role during the negotiation, although their effect is being studied just().

A¡¢at the beginning of negotiation practice

B¡¢during the negotiation process

C¡¢not long before

2. Negative emotions may()make concessions.

A¡¢be helpful to

B¡¢be harmful to

C¡¢be nothing to

3. During negotiations, the decision as to whether or not to settle depends in part on emotional factors.()

A¡¢totally

B¡¢to some extend

C¡¢completely not

4. Attaining concessions can be done()

A¡¢only by negative emotions

B¡¢only by positive emotions

C¡¢by both negative and positive emotions

5. In different cultures, negotiators should use()strategies to show positive and negative emotions.

A¡¢the same

B¡¢different

C¡¢no

A¡¢understatement

B¡¢simile

C¡¢pun

D¡¢metaphor

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The Day a Language Died

When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba.

Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.

We are all aware of the danger that modem industry can cause the world&39;s ecology (Éú̬).

However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the word. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. __________ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.

Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. __________(48) In the Americas,100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.

Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.__________ (49) The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.

What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears£¿ When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder, must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. __________ (50)$amp;µÚ46Ìâ___________ ²é¿´²ÄÁÏ;$br>

A.Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.

B.Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language£¬ but more than 100of them are in danger of extinction £¨Ãð¾ø £© .

C.However£¬ he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.

D.These languages don"t have many native speakers.

E.For the rest of us£¬ when a language dies£¬ we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.

F.As these languages become more powerful£¬ their use as tools of business and culture increase.