Government-subsidized insurance available to homeowners makes it feasible for anyone to bu

sult in things getting done. Just as many tasks are still left uncompleted, phone calls un-returned, and appointments missed as there were in the days before this outbreak of busyness. Therefore, people must not be as busy as they claim. Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion in the passage?

A£®These days, looking busy is a status symbol.

B£®People have to do much more these days than before the so-called outbreak of busyness.

C£®People waste so much time talking about being busy that they fail to get things done.

D£®Just as many things are getting done now as before the so-called outbreak of busyness.

E£®People have more leisure time these days than before the so-called outbreak of busyness.

its. Our benefit means their pain, and they are equal to us in the capacity to feel pain. G: We must carry out such tests; otherwise, we would irresponsibly sacrifice the human lives that could have been saved by the drugs. Which of the following, if true, is the best objection that could be made from Fs point of view to counter Gs point?

A£®Even though it is not necessary for people to use cosmetics, cosmetics are also being tested on sentient animals.

B£®Medical science already has at its disposal a great number of drugs and other treatments for serious illnesses.

C£®It is not possible to obtain scientifically adequate results by testing drugs in the test tube, without making tests on living tissue.

D£®Some of the drugs to be tested would save human beings from great pain.

E£®Many tests now performed on sentient animals can be performed equally well on fertilized chicken eggs that are at a very early stage of development.

y more severe than in Europe, where laws require a different kind of safety belt. It is clear from this that the United States needs to adopt more stringent standards for safety belt design to protect automobile passengers better. Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument above EXCEPT:

A£®Europeans are more likely to wear safety belts than are people in the United States.

B£®Unlike United States drivers, European drivers receive training in how best to react in the event of an accident to minimize injuries to themselves and to their passengers.

C£®Cars built for the European market tend to have more sturdy construction than do cars built for the United States market.

D£®Automobile passengers in the United States have a greater statistical chance of being involved in an accident than do passengers in Europe.

E£®States that have recently begun requiring the European safety belt have experienced no reduction in the average severity of injuries suffered by passengers in automobile accidents.

ntive audience, and a different randomly selected group saw the same speaker give the same lecture, with identical mannerisms, but to a smaller, less attentive audience. The first group called the speaker thoughtful and assured. The second group called the speaker vague and long-winded. The information above can best serve as part of an argument against which of the following claims?

A£®The same social behavior. can appear quite differently to different people when it is viewed in different social contexts.

B£®If the second group had seen the speaker lecture to a more attentive audience, its judgment of the speaker" s personal qualities might well have been different.

C£®People"s judgments of a speaker"s personal qualities are based primarily on what the speaker says and the mannerisms with which the speaker says it.

D£®A listener"s convictions about a speaker"s claims can be influenced by other people"s reactions to those claims.

E£®A randomly selected group can sometimes arrive at a consensus about the personal qualifications of a speaker in a particular social situation.

e portrayed as being reddish, but the buildings do not now appear reddish. The marbles natural color cannot have changed since the nineteenth century, so the paintings must not be showing the color of the buildings as they actually appeared. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument above?

A£®The Acropolis can be clearly seen from virtually any location within the city of Athens.

B£®Tiny plants called lichens living on marble can cause the marble to appear reddish.

C£®Many nineteenth-century artists strove for true-to-life accuracy in every detail of their paintings.

D£®Some types of marble are naturally reddish, whereas other types are greenish or white.

E£®Not all nineteenth-century paintings of the Acropolis show the marble buildings as being reddish.

tect all product flaws, but they each also erroneously reject three percent of flawless products. Since false rejections are very costly, money will be saved by installing both systems, instead of either one or the other, and rejecting only products found flawed by both. The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?

A£®The three percent of flawless products that system X rejects are not all the same products, piece for piece, that system Y erroneously rejects.

B£®It is less costly to accept a flawed product than to reject a flawless one.

C£®In their price range, systems X and Y are the least error-prone inspection systems on the market.

D£®Whichever system performs the second inspection needs to inspect only products not rejected by the first system.

E£®Any way of detecting flaws, other than by using either system X or system Y, requires complete disassembly of the products.

ly against the Goths but was defeated, and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus activities, and only those of Riothamus, match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur. Therefore, Riothamus must be the historical model for the legendary King Arthur. The argument above requires at least one additional premise. Which of the following could be such a required premise?

A£®Modern historians have documented the activities of Riothamus better than those of any other fifth-century king.

B£®The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events.

C£®Riothamus" associates were the authors of the original legends about King Arthur.

D£®Legends about the fifth century usually embellish and romanticize the actual conditions of the lives of fifth-century nobility.

E£®Posterity usually remembers legends better than it remembers the actual historical events on which they are based.

redwood tree. Nevertheless, by observing many trees at different stages, botanists can piece together the evolution of a single tree. Exactly the same principle applies in astronomy to the study of the life-story of globular clusters, huge spherical aggregations of about a million stars all swarming about each other. Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?

A£®The methods of scientists in one field generally carry over to other fields even if the subject matter is vastly different.

B£®Observations of the life cycle of a single individual have little value in scientific studies.

C£®Globular clusters at different stages of development are accessible to astronomers for observation and study.

D£®There are globular clusters that have not so far been detected by astronomers.

E£®Redwoods and globular clusters must both be studied intensively now, while they still exist in sufficient numbers.

will drastically reduce grain production. More optimistic reports, however, point out that, even if such drifts in average temperature do occur, we should expect little change in grain production because there is little evidence that changes in rainfall patterns will occur. Moreover, for most crops, climate-induced yield trends will be masked by both the year-to-year fluctuation of yields and by the enhancement of yields because of technological factors. Which of the following is an assumption on which the more optimistic reports mentioned in the passage are based?

A£®Long-range changes in weather patterns cannot be accurately predicted.

B£®The growing of grain is so highly dependent on technological factors that improvements in yield are unlikely, regardless of climatic conditions.

C£®Trends in rainfall patterns are more difficult to isolate than are trends in temperature.

D£®Long-range warming or cooling trends are more damaging to grain production if they are accompanied by changes in rainfall patterns than if they are not.

E£®Long-range cooling trends are potentially more destructive to grain production than are long-range warming trends.

culty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop. The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?

A£®Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational software programs.

B£®Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs than inventions.

C£®Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.

D£®In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are more marketable than are books and articles.

E£®In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.